ESAN CULTURE

Esanland boasts a rich cultural heritage, which is vividly evident in the various traditional practices that have been meticulously preserved over generations. One of the most significant examples of this cultural richness is the intricate art of cloth weaving, predominantly carried out by women in the community.

Before the advent of Western influences, and continuing robustly to this day, these skilled artisans have been producing beautifully woven cloth that serves both functional and ceremonial purposes. Among the various types of cloth produced, one notable and culturally significant type is called "lgbulu" in the Esan language. This rectangular cloth, characterized by its two elegantly fringed ends, is traditionally draped under and across the right armpit and over the left shoulder, creating a distinctive and recognizable look. The lgbulu is not merely a piece of clothing; it represents the traditional attire for Esan men, particularly worn during significant events such as weddings, anniversaries, vibrant festivals, and important visits to dignitaries. Despite the increasing competition from modern textiles and fashion trends, the lgbulu has maintained its popularity and relevance in contemporary society. It is often given as a cherished souvenir to visiting dignitaries, serving as a powerful symbol of goodwill and hospitality, reflecting the values of the Esan people.

Another vital cultural aspect of Esanland is the ceremonial awarding of chieftaincy titles to deserving individuals within the community. The clan's traditional ruler holds the esteemed authority to identify and bestow these titles, which are considered a significant honor and recognition for individuals who have made substantial contributions to the socio-economic development of the area. During these elaborate ceremonies, the honoree is adorned in a large, beautifully designed white wrapper and adorned with traditional beads, embodying the dignity and respect associated with the occasion. The atmosphere is filled with joy as the honoree dances alongside family, friends, and well-wishers, celebrating this momentous achievement before being formally honored at the palace. Following the ceremony, the newly titled individual often hosts guests with lavish entertainment, showcasing the community's rich cultural heritage through music, dance, and feasting. Receiving a chieftaincy title not only elevates an individual’s social standing but also brings them closer to the traditional ruler, granting them both privileges and responsibilities that enhance their role within the community.

Additionally, the presentation of kola-nuts at socio-cultural events is a significant and time-honored tradition that plays a crucial role in fostering community ties. At gatherings held to celebrate various events, resolve disputes, or engage in discussions about communal issues, kola-nuts are offered as a gesture of respect and reverence. This act is not merely symbolic; it is believed to invoke the spirits of the gods and ancestors, seeking their blessings and guidance for success in the endeavors of the community. The ritual of presenting kola-nuts is deeply embedded in the social fabric of Esanland, reinforcing the values of respect, unity, and communal harmony.

Burial ceremonies for deceased parents represent another profound cultural manifestation within the Esan community. It is a widely held belief that a deceased parent remains restless in the spirit world until their children, particularly the eldest son, conduct a proper burial ceremony. This traditional practice involves gathering the deceased's lineage, known as Egbele, to offer prayers and blessings for the departed's peaceful rest in the afterlife. These ceremonies are often elaborate and costly, typically involving the slaughter of animals such as cattle and goats, which serve as offerings to honor the deceased.

The events are marked by feasting and entertainment, bringing together relatives and friends to celebrate the life of the departed while also reinforcing communal bonds. Failing to perform the burial ceremony is viewed as a significant disrespect, potentially leading to community sanctions and preventing the children from achieving Odion status. Their lruen (manhood) ceremony, a pivotal rite of passage, is not recognized until the burial is completed, highlighting the importance of these traditional practices in maintaining social order and cultural identity within Esanland.