Urhobo People

The Origin Of Urhobo People

Introduction

The Urhobo people are an ethnic group located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, primarily inhabiting Delta State. This area is renowned for its diverse ecosystems, which comprise lush mangroves, winding rivers, and oil-rich lands that are vital to both the local environment and the economy. The Urhobo are recognized not only for their rich cultural heritage but also for their historical significance within the broader context of the region's development and the socio-political dynamics of Nigeria. Their contributions to agriculture, trade, and the arts have played a crucial role in shaping the cultural and economic landscape of the Niger Delta, making them a key player in the historical narrative of the region. The Urhobo people, with their intricate social structures and vibrant cultural practices, embody a unique blend of tradition and modernity that continues to influence various aspects of life in Nigeria today. Their customs and traditions, passed down through generations, reflect a deep connection to their land and a profound respect for their ancestors, which are evident in their daily lives and community interactions. Through festivals, rituals, and communal gatherings, the Urhobo people maintain a living culture that honors their past while mbracing the future, ensuring that their identity remains dynamic and relevant in an ever-changing world.

Origin

The Urhobo people trace their origins to the historic town of Udo, which served as the former capital of the expansive Benin territory. Udo, a settlement steeped in rich history, was established by the descendants of Akka, who is recognized as the eldest of the seven children of a revered figure known as "Pa Idu." This lineage is particularly significant as Pa Idu is credited with leading his family during the great flood that is biblically associated with Noah's time. Following the flood, as Pa Idu's children made their way back from the elevated hills near the confluence of the River Niger, which is situated in present-day Kogi State, they sought to return to their original homeland, located approximately 15 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean.

During this arduous journey back to their ancestral home, tragedy struck when Akka died, leaving his descendants to continue the trek alone. Despite this loss, they persevered and eventually arrived at a new land that had been cleansed by the floodwaters, a place that would come to be known as Udo. Over time, Udo flourished and developed into a vibrant and independent town, ultimately rising to prominence as the capital of the entire territory. However, this status was not to last indefinitely, as Udo eventually succumbed to the influence and expansion of the Igodomigodo Kingdom, which was on the rise during that period.

The significance of Udo is deeply embedded in the oral traditions and historical narratives of the Urhobo people. These stories serve not only as a record of their origins but also as a foundation for their cultural identity. The historical experiences recounted in these narratives led to migrations that occurred earlier than anticipated, as groups of Urhobo people sought new lands across what is now recognized as the Patani territory in Delta State. This migration is emblematic of their adaptability and resilience in the face of changing circumstances.

Furthermore, the lineage of the Urhobo people connects them to several other ethnic groups in the region. They share ancestral ties with the original Etsako people located in Edo North, as well as with the early groups of Esan people in Edo Central. Additionally, the Urhobo have historical links to the Isoko people, who were considered part of the Urhobo until a significant shift occurred in 1957. This shift was largely influenced by the discovery of crude oil in 1951 at Oloibiri, Bayelsa State, which led to the emergence of the Isoko as a distinct ethnic group.

Akka, the revered ancestor of the Urhobo, is also recognized as a direct brother to Efa and Emehi, who are celebrated as the founders of the Benin Kingdom. This relationship underscores the shared ancestry between the Edo ethnic group and the Urhobo people, highlighting the enduring cultural ties that bind them. The Urhobo people's strong sense of identity is intricately woven into their oral history, which recounts tales of migration, settlement, and the establishment of their communities. These narratives emphasize the values of kinship and communal living, reflecting the societal norms that are vital to their way of life.

The connection that the Urhobo maintain with their past is not merely a historical reflection but a living tradition that continues to shape their social structures, governance, and interactions within the community. Reverence for ancestors and the art of storytelling are central to their cultural identity, serving as a means to integrate the wisdom of the past into contemporary life. The Urhobo people possess a rich oral literature tradition that encompasses proverbs, folktales, and songs, all of which embody their history, moral teachings, and social norms. This literary tradition plays a crucial role in reinforcing their cultural identity and fostering communal bonds among the members of the Urhobo community.

Moreover, the oral tradition is an essential educational tool, imparting knowledge to younger generations about their heritage and instilling a sense of pride in their Urhobo identity. Through these narratives, the Urhobo people not only preserve their history but also cultivate a shared sense of belonging and purpose, ensuring that the lessons and values of their ancestors continue to resonate within their society today.

Historical Timeline

• 40 BCE - 1100 AD: During this significant period of the kingdom of Igodomigodo some Urhobo individuals were among the 31 Ogisos, who played vital roles in the governance and leadership of the region. Ogiso Igodo (40BCE-16CE) The first sky king of the Igodomigodo kingdom traces his origin from Udo, a town built by the Akka descendants which later became a larger part of Benin Kingdom until date. This is the reason the 1st phase of Urhobo people that migrated call Benin as Akka . Ogiso Igodo 's mother is from Ugbekun in central Benin. The Ogiso system, which is a form of monarchy, was integral to maintaining order and unity among the various clans within the Igodomigodo kingdom . These leaders were not merely political figures; they also served as custodians of cultural practices and traditions, ensuring that the rich heritage of the Igodomigodo kingdom was preserved and passed down through generations. Their leadership was characterized by wisdom, spiritual authority, and a deep understanding of the needs of their people, fostering a sense of loyalty and respect among the clans. The Ogisos also participated in rituals and ceremonies that reinforced their authority and the cultural cohesion of the community. This governance structure facilitated the establishment of laws and customs that defined Urhobo society, ensuring stability and continuity in their way of life. The Ogisos’ influence extended beyond politics; they were also involved in mediating conflicts and promoting social harmony within the community, which was essential for the survival and prosperity of the Urhobo people during this formative period. As mentioned earlier during the reign of Ogiso Odiligue the 24th Ogiso the Edaiken system was practiced which resulted the kingship to be passed only to the 1st born of the ruling king under the Efa and Emehi ruling house . This rules lasted until the last and 31st Ogiso Owodo(1059-1100) . Most Akka descendants of the town of Udo was uncomfortable with the rules and they migrated Southward to the current Delta State forming a new clan/kingdoms . One of such was Erhowa.

  The

• 1170AD - 1550AD

  Now, regarding the Urhobo migrations during Oba dynasty:

  Historical records indicate that the migration patterns of various groups from Udo, which served as the former headquarters of the Benin Empire, were significantly influenced by the political and social changes initiated by the Oba dynasty. This dynasty was established by Oranmiyan, a prominent figure in the histories of both Benin and Yoruba, who was the son of Oduduwa and the grandson of the legendary Ogiso Owodo, who reigned from approximately 1059 to 1100 AD. Oranmiyan is often celebrated as the founder of the Oba dynasty, which would go on to govern the expansive Benin Empire, a powerful and culturally rich entity in West Africa.

  
  

  The establishment of this new dynasty brought about substantial changes to the existing political structures and social hierarchies, which likely resulted in tensions and challenges for various groups, including the Urhobo people. These changes may have included shifts in power dynamics, land ownership, and cultural practices, which could have created an environment that was no longer conducive to the Urhobo's way of life. Consequently, many Urhobo individuals and families decided to migrate in search of more favorable conditions, leading to the emergence of new kingdoms and settlements.

  
  

  Among those who migrated were the Oghwoghwa descendants, who left Benin and subsequently founded several notable kingdoms, including the Ogor Kingdom, Agbarha Otor Kingdom, Ughelli Kingdom, and Orogun Kingdom. Each of these new political entities would come to play a crucial role in the socio-political landscape of the region, contributing to the rich tapestry of cultures and histories that characterize the area today.

  
  

  Another significant phase of migration occurred during the reign of Oba Egbeka in 1370 AD, when a distinct group of Urhobo people from Abraka relocated. It is noteworthy that the original inhabitants of Abraka had already departed from Benin prior to the arrival of another group that would eventually establish itself as the royal house. This pattern of migration reflects the complex interplay of social and political forces at work during this period.

  
  

  Furthermore, the Agbon Kingdom also traces its origins to Udo town in Benin, particularly during the time of conflict between Oba Owaifokun, who ruled from 1430 to 1440 AD, and Oba Ewuare, who reigned from 1440 to 1473 AD. This era was marked by strife and upheaval, prompting various groups to seek new territories and opportunities elsewhere.

  
  

  The migration of Onirhe and Óvo, two brothers who were instrumental in founding the Udu Kingdom, took place during the reign of Oba Ewuare in 1452 AD. Their movement coincided with that of the renowned warrior Akkalakka, who is credited with founding the Ikwerre, Ekpeye, and Ogba ethnic groups in what is now Rivers State. This convergence of migrations highlights the interconnectedness of different groups during this dynamic period in history.

  
  

  Additionally, Igboze, a direct descendant of Oba Ozolua, established himself in the ancient Olomu Kingdom, further illustrating the significant movements of royal and noble lineages during this time. Opute, the son of Oba Ezoti—who had a notably brief reign of only 14 days—also left Benin and settled among the original inhabitants of the great Olomu Kingdom.

  
  

  The Olomu Kingdom, much like Erhowa, became a destination for numerous descendants of the Akka, Efa, and Emehi peoples. Together, they played a pivotal role in forming the larger Urhobo and Isoko Kingdoms, which are integral to the history and cultural identity of the region. The migrations and subsequent establishment of these kingdoms not only reflect the historical movements of peoples but also signify the enduring legacy of the Oba dynasty's influence on the socio-political landscape of what is now southern Nigeria.

  
  

• 15th - 19th Century:

  The arrival of European traders and colonizers during this era brought about considerable changes to the Urhobo way of life. The introduction of trade routes and the growing demand for palm oil and other natural resources led to increased interactions with foreign entities. While this development brought economic opportunities and new markets for Urhobo products, it also resulted in significant social upheaval and the disruption of traditional practices. The impact of colonialism was profound, as it often marginalized local governance structures and imposed new systems that altered the fabric of Urhobo society. The introduction of Christianity and Western education began to reshape their cultural landscape, leading to both conflict and adaptation as the Urhobo navigated the complexities of colonial influence. This period also saw the emergence of educated elites within the Urhobo community, who began to advocate for their rights and the preservation of their cultural heritage amidst the encroaching Western influences. They formed associations and groups aimed at fostering unity among the Urhobo people, promoting education, and addressing the challenges posed by colonial rule, thus laying the groundwork for future movements advocating for self-determination and cultural preservation.

  
  

• 20th Century

  The discovery of oil in the Niger Delta transformed the socio-economic landscape of the Urhobo people in the latter half of the century. While this brought unprecedented wealth and development opportunities to the region, it also led to environmental degradation and conflicts over resource control. The Urhobo have been active in advocating for their rights, striving to ensure that the benefits of resource extraction are equitably distributed among their communities. This period saw the rise of various social movements and organizations among the Urhobo, aimed at addressing grievances related to environmental issues and economic inequality. The emergence of youth organizations and women's groups demonstrated their resilience and commitment to social justice, as they sought to hold both the government and oil companies accountable for their actions that affected the land and livelihoods of the Urhobo people. The struggle for environmental justice and equitable resource management became central themes in Urhobo activism, reflecting their determination to safeguard their heritage and future. Furthermore, this era also saw the Urhobo people increasingly engage in dialogue with national and international bodies, seeking to amplify their voices and concerns on a global stage, thereby enhancing their visibility and influence in discussions surrounding environmental sustainability and human rights.

Cultural Significance

The Urhobo people have a vibrant culture characterized by unique traditions, languages, and customs that are celebrated in various forms of art, music, and dance. Their traditional attire, often adorned with intricate patterns and symbols, reflects their artistic heritage and serves as a visual representation of their identity. Festivals play a crucial role in their cultural expression, with events such as the annual Urhobo Cultural Festival showcasing their rich history through performances, storytelling, and communal feasting. These festivals not only serve to entertain but also reinforce social bonds and cultural pride among the Urhobo people. The rituals performed during these festivals often invoke ancestral spirits and celebrate the agricultural cycles that are central to their way of life. Additionally, the Urhobo language, which belongs to the Niger-Congo family, is a vital aspect of their identity, serving as a medium for preserving their traditions and fostering community bonds. The language encapsulates their worldview, proverbs, and folklore, ensuring that their cultural narratives are passed down to future generations. Their history is intertwined with the broader narratives of the Edo and other neighboring ethnic groups, contributing to the rich tapestry of Nigeria's cultural heritage, where each ethnic group adds its unique threads to the overall narrative of the nation. The Urhobo's artistic expressions, including their music and dance forms, often convey deep spiritual meanings and reflect their connection to the land and their ancestors. The preservation of these cultural practices not only honors their heritage but also serves as a means of educating younger generations about their identity and history. Moreover, the Urhobo people engage in various forms of cultural diplomacy, sharing their traditions with others and promoting intercultural dialogue, thereby enriching the cultural landscape of Nigeria and beyond.

Conclusion

The Urhobo people, with their deep historical roots and connections to the Edo ethnic groups, continue to be an integral part of Nigeria's diverse cultural landscape. Their resilience in the face of challenges, commitment to preserving their traditions, and active participation in the socio-political discourse of the nation underscore their importance in contemporary Nigeria. As they navigate the complexities of modernity while upholding their cultural identity, the Urhobo people exemplify the dynamic interplay between tradition and change, ensuring that their rich heritage remains a vital aspect of the nation's identity. The ongoing evolution of their cultural practices in response to contemporary challenges reflects their adaptability and strength, making them a crucial part of Nigeria's future as they continue to assert their place within the national narrative. Their ability to blend traditional values with modern aspirations showcases the Urhobo's commitment to fostering a sustainable future while honoring their past, ensuring that the essence of their identity is preserved for generations to come. Furthermore, as they engage with the global community, the Urhobo people are poised to contribute to the broader discourse on cultural preservation, environmental sustainability, and social justice, solidifying their role as key stakeholders in the narrative of Nigeria's development. Their story is not just one of survival; it is a testament to the enduring power of culture and community in shaping identities and advocating for rights in a rapidly changing world.

The 24 Kingdoms Of Urhobo And Their Communities

1). AGBARHA-OTOR KINGDOM:

1. Agbarha-Otor

2. Agbaide

3. Aghalokpe

4. Awirhe

5. Edjeba

6. Edjekemevor

7. Edoide

8. Ehwahwa

9. Esamagidi

10. Etefe

11. Gana

12. Idjerhe

13. Iwredju

14. Imiroje

15. Agba

16. Oghara

17. Ogorode

18. Okpara

19. Omakowhre

20. Omavovwe

21. Ophori

22. Oteri

23. Otokutu

24. Owevwe

25. Saniko

26. Ujovwre

27. Otovwodo

28. Otorogba

29. Ughere

30. Opherhi

31. Oduogo

32. Iwhrerhara

2). AGBARHA-WARRI KINGDOM

1. Otovwodo

2. Igbudu

3. Oteghelle

4. Edjeba

5. Ogunu

6. Ukpokiti

7. Okurode

3). AGBARHO KINGDOM

1. Agbarho town

2. Ikweghwu

3. Ohrerhe

4. Oguname

5. Ekrerahvwen

6. Okan

7. Okoeravwe

8. Ophori

9. Oghara

10. Orhokpokpo

11. Oviri

12. Ughwughelli

13. Uvwiamuge

14. Ehwerhe

15. Uvwiama

4). AGBON KINGDOM

1. Otorho-Agbon (Isiokolo)

2. Adarode

3. Asoro

4. Edafe

5. Egbogho

6. Ekirigbo

7. Ekpan

8. Ekraka

9. Ekrudu

10. Eku

11. Emakpo

12. Emehwu

13. Erhokori

14. Ibada-Okueghavbo

15. Ichikirhe

16. Iguh

17. Kokori

18. Obueghavbo

19. Oburobi

20. Oghoghome

21. Oguma

22. Ogurivwe Utuyo

23. Okorogba

24. Okpara-Inland

25. Okpara-Waterside

26. Ovierie

27. Okuaghamu

28. Okuekpagha

29. Omiemaka-Okuodo

30. Okuighele

31. Okuimodje

32. Okuisiorho

33. Ekune

34. Okuokpokpo

35. Okurekpo

36. Okurishue

37. Okurode-Osayaye

38. Okuronika

39. Ovu

40. Okuroworho

41. Okuruvo

42. Okwe-chi

43. Olukobare

44. Omukufor

45. Onumane

46. Orhokpo

47. Orhono

48. Otumaraoviorieovu-Inland

49. Ovwere

50. Samagidi

51. Uwuahwa

5). ARHAWARIEN KINGDOM

1. Arhawarien Main Town

2. Iwhrede

3. Iwhre Edjo

4. Ogorode

5. Atalaza

6. Evurememua

7. Evurode

8. Owopele

9. Iwhre Utobivwi

10. Inisimo

11. Iwhre Idea

12. Okosiegba

13. Iwhrefonoyeyan

14. Abazon

6). EFFURUN-OTOR KINGDOM

1. Effurun-Otor

7). EVWRENI KINGDOM

1. Evwreni

2. Ivwrorude

3. Erhuruigbedi

4. Utevie

5. Ovwodokpokpo

6. Usioko

7. Omorie-camp

8. Unenurhie

9. Okpahwa

10. Uneni.

11. Urevwe.

8). EWU KINGDOM

1. Alagbabiri

2. Assah

3. Ekameta

4. Egbaregolo

5. Ofrukama

6. Ogoda

7. Okuama

8. Olodiama

9. Omafuve

10. Omosuomo-Inland

11. Omosuomo-Waterside

12. Orere

13. Osusurhie

14. Otor-Ewu

15. Oyan

16. Uto

9). IDJERHE KINGDOM

1. Otovwodo-Idjerhe

2. Idjedaka

3. Okueka

4. Okuede

5. Umonu

6. Ajavwini

7. Ugbevwe

8. Okunigho

9. Edjenesa

10. Irhodo

11. Edeje

12. Ekroda

13. Okuodeniran

14. Okuno

15. Otumaran

16. Ugbomodja-Inland

17. Ugbomodja-Waterside

18. Ajakakitie

19. Ajikpotor

20. Uvwiomugo

21. Okuodibo

22. Osoguo

23. Edjeketa

24. Orhomudiare I

25. Orhomudiare II

26. Okuejeba

27. Atiwor

28. Ovade

29. Okuogo

30. Onyobru-Inland

31. Onyobru-Waterside

32. Evwinogbor

33. Boboroku

34. Agor-Boboroku

35. Okuode-Orhere

36. Udugwe

37. Okwuagbaye

38. Igbegwore.

10) MOSOGAR KINGDOM

1. Orhokpokpor

2. Akpobome

3. Evwonogbor

4. Okwoghara

5. Okwoekroki

6. Okoruherevie

7. Ugbokpa

8. Etefe

9. Okoemore

10. Akwodo

11. Oge

12. Owe

13. Ugbakele

14. Ugbevwe

15. Efo

16. Jothamas

17. Egbalikpe

18. Amaladi

19. AT&P

20. Oko-Igah

21. Okokpokpor

22. Igbehwore

23. Okovwisi

24. Adjavwini

25. Mosogar Town

26. Okurho

27. Ataoho

28. Ejeketa

29. Ukuorho

30. Okuotor

31. Okuefo

32. Okuorighayegha

33. Agitobi

11) OGHARA KINGDOM

1. Ajagbodulu

2. Arherhi

3. Edjemuon Yavwe

4. Egbeku

5. Egbo

6. Ewurihie

7. Ijomi

8. Inland

9. Obitekpagha

10. Obramudu

11. Oghara-Ferry Camp

12. Ogharefe

13. Oghareki

14. Ogomee

15. Ohrumudu

16. Okorinebra

17. Okuekpere

18. Okurho

19. Okwirie Ovwai

20. Otefe

21. Otumara

22. Ovade

23. Ovwuovwu

24. Pamol-Rubber Estate

25. Sapele Overside

26. Ugbevwe-Okurho

27. Umoro

28. Ugbenu

12) OGOR KINGDOM

1. Otogor

2. Edjekota

3. Oviri-Ogor

4. Ovwodokpokpo

5. Ighre’Ovie-Ogor

13) OKERE-URHOBO KINGDOM

1. Otor-Orere

2. Odion

14) OKPARABE KINGDOM

1. Iwhre-Okpe

2. Okparabe

3. Olota-Bendesegha.

15) OKPE KINGDOM

1. Urhiapele Town

2. Ugberikoko

3. Oton Gana

4. Ugbeyi

5. Erhera-Amua (Urban Area)

6. EtamuaOjolu (New Road)

7. Amuaogodo

8. Ogorode

9. Amukpe

10. Okirighwe

11. Idale-Ugbeyi

12. Oku ovwori

13. Ajamikawa

14. Ovbori

15. Ogegere

16. Adagbrassa-Amukpe

17. Ibada-Amukpe

18. Okuo-Sajere

19. Arhagba

20. Adavwaren

21. Ogiribo

22. Ovwori

23. Ejeba

24. Ughoton

25. Jeddo

26. Unueruvun

27. Ughoton Idale

28. Ugbokodo

29. Ukuomorhan

30. Ogidigbo

31. Ogbelle

32. Elume

33. Otoramua Elume

34. Okuo Soja

35. Oku Amuakpokpor-Elume

36. Edegborode

37. Adagbrassa-Elume

38. Deghele

39. Iriabome

40. Odjedi

41. Ugbimidaka

42. Okuoke

43. Okuo Ajomata

44. Okuo Uko

45. Jakpa-Elume

46. Oyohen

47. Ogirisen Ibada-Elume

48. Mereje

49. Otoramua Mereje, Ekoko I.

50. Ekoko II

51. Erogho

52. Egborode

53. Okuojorogu

54. Oviri-Court

55. Adeje

56. Opuraja

57. Iriama

58. Okuo Eshemidaghan

59. Okuokolo

60. Okuogbogbo

61. Okuvo

62. Okuetolor

63. Okuabude

64. Okuofuoma

65. Onyeke

66. Okuoise

67. Okuegume

68. Okobia

69. Jakpa-Mereje

70. Okuejeba

71. Okugholo

72. Okolovu

73. Kpokpogri

74. Okuotomewo

75. Okuoemoife

76. Ugolo

77. Evwriyen

78. Ugolo Town

79. Okuokokor

80. Osubi

81. Adagbrassa-Ugolo

82. Ogiedi

83. Amuokpokpor-Ugolo

84. Oviri

85. Umiagwa

86. Uwhagba

87. Ohore1

88. Okuediemo

89. Okueghele

90. Ohore 11

91. Olukobare

92. Ugborhen

93. Ugborhen

94. Ugbukurusu

95. Ikeresan

96. Obotie

97. Okuoburegbo

98. Okuaziza

99. Oghalokpe

100. Adagbrassa

101. Aghalokpe

102. Ajagolo

103. Ajaguoyibo

104. Unurhie

105. Gudusu

106. Oha

107. Oha

108. Okozi

109. Okuodiete

110. Okuorohwe

111. Orerokpe

112. Orerokpe Town

113. Okuoloho

114. Ozue

115. Okokporo I

116. Ozue IOzue II

117. Okokporo II

16)OLOMU KINGDOM

1. Ovwor

2. Ophorigbala

3. Oguname

4. Okpare

5. Umolo

6. Ovwodokpokpo

7. Aloba

8. Oviri

9. Akperhe

10. Agbon

11. Okpe

12. Okpavuerhe

13. Ophori

14. Oha

15. Ogoni.

17) OROGUN KINGDOM

1. Oboditi-Orogun

2. Idjere-Orogun

3. Onyobru-Orogun

4. Ovara-Umusu Orogun

5. Erhobaro-Orogun

6. Ugono-Orogun

7. Ukoh-Unoh Orogun

8. Okoh-Ovedje

9. Okoh-Etagbarha

10. Okoh-Wanogho

11. Okpe-Orogun

12. Okoh-Obughe

13. Akawa-Orogun

14. Okoh-Agbogu

15. Igbuku-Orogun

16. Ovara-Unukpo

17. Orhomuru-Orogun

18. Abudu-camp

19. Okoh-Otobo

20. Emonu-Orogun

21. Obiogo-Orogun

22. Imodje-Orogun

23. Orhokpokpo-Orogun

24. Daudu-Orogun

25. Ekridjesue

26. Aragba-Orogun

27. Ebor-Orogun

28. Ozuaka-Orogun

29. Sanubi

30. Oko-Idiovwa

31. Oko-Atodjarhiere

18) ORUARIVIE-ABRAKA KINGDOM

1. Ajalomi

2. Ekerejeta

3. Erho

4. Ogheje

5. Ugolo

6. Urhuogo-Inland

7. Urhuoka

8. Urhuovie

9. Urhuovie-Inland

10. Okuruku

19) UDU KINGDOM

1. Otor-Udu

2. Aladja

3. Egini

4. Ekrota

5. Ekete-Inland

6. Ekete-Waterside

7. Ikperha

8. Ogbe-Udu

9. Owhrode

10. Okolo-Inland

11. Okolo-Waterside

12. Erhiephihor

13. Orhuwhorun

14. Ovwian

15. Owhase

16. Ugbisi

17. Ukperheren

18. Okpaka

19. Ayama

20. Egiegi

21. Emadadja

22. Epame

23. Igbogidi

24. Obubu

25. Oghior

26. Oleri

27. Ovworhokpokpor

28. Ubogo

29. Ujevwu

30. Ukpiovwin

31. Opete

32. Egberhen

33. Steel Town I

34. Steel Town II

35. Steel Town III

36. Steel Town IV

37. Enerhen.

20) UGHELLI KINGDOM

1. Otovwodo

2. Ighre’ Ovie-Ughelli

3. Eruemukohwarien

4. Ighwreko

5. Oteri

6. Ekredjebo

7. Ighwrekpokpor

8. Uduere

9. Ekiugbo

10. Ododegho

11. Inene

12. Ujode

13. Afiesere

14. Ogbovwan

15. Emeragha

16. Ofuoma

17. Ohwaro

18. Odovie

19. Aro

20. Uduophori

21. Odorubu

22. Ofoni

21) UGHIEVWEN KINGDOM

1. Iwhrogun

2. Agbaghare

3. Agbowhiame

4. Arbagba

5. Edjophe

6. Egbo-Ide

7. Egbo-Uhurie

8. Ekakpamre

9. Ekrejegbe

10. Ekrokpe

11. Erhuwarien

12. Esaba

13. Eyara

14. Imode

15. Iwhrekreka

16. Iwhrehan

17. Iwhrioku

18. Obi-Ayama

19. Oginibo

20. Okuemor

21. Okwagbe-Inland

22. Okwagbe-Waterside

23. Ophorigbala

24. Otegbo

25. Otitiri

26. Otor-Edo

27. Otodutu

28. Otughievwen

29. Otutuama

30. Otor-Owahwa

31. Ughevwughe

32. Urhiephron

33. Iwhre-Tabeta

22) UMIAGHWA-ABRAKA KINGDOM

1. Oria

2. Umeghe I

3. Umeghe II

4. Agbarha

5. Ughere

6. Urhuagbesa.

23) UVWIE KINGDOM

1. Effurun

2. Ekpan

3. Enerhen

4. Okuireroh

5. Okwatata

6. Ugbolokposo

7. Ugbomoro

8. Ugboroke

9. Ugborikoko

10. Arakpo-Umah

11. Ohorhe I & II

12. Agaga-Erugba

13. Iteregbi

24) UWHERU KINGDOM

1. Uwheru

2. Uruvwigbo

3. Uhwovoro

4. Odja

5. Iwhrena

6. Orhivwirhe

7. Iwre-egbo

8. Iwre-egbo

9. Agadama

10. Owarovwor

11. Ogode

12. Uwruche

13. Erhuruigbedi

14. Urevwere

15. Ophororo

16. Ode

17. Enyehwreko

18. Oruphokpokpo

19. Oreba

20. Port-Avwor

21. Aghanubi

22. Akabanisi

23. Erhuruigbedi

24. Oguname

25. Ohiho

26. Ogeti

27. Ogbutoudu

28. Ekreke

29. Otievie

30. Oro-Ohoror

31. Ohoror.

```

https://www.igodomigodo.com/post/urhobo-people